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| Author | de Paz, J.-M.; Sánchez, J.; Visconti, F. | ||||
| Title | Combined use of GIS and environmental indicators for assessment of chemical, physical and biological soil degradation in a Spanish Mediterranean region | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of environmental management | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 150-162 |
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| Abstract | Soil is one of the main non-renewable natural resources in the world. In the Valencian Community (Mediterranean coast of Spain), it is especially important because agriculture and forest biomass exploitation are two of the main economic activities in the region. More than 44% of the total area is under agriculture and 52% is forested. The frequently arid or semi-arid climate with rainfall concentrated in few events, usually in the autumn and spring, scarcity of vegetation cover, and eroded and shallow soils in several areas lead to soil degradation processes. These processes, mainly water erosion and salinization, can be intense in many locations within the Valencian Community. Evaluation of soil degradation on a regional scale is important because degradation is incompatible with sustainable development. Policy makers involved in land use planning require tools to evaluate soil degradation so they can go on to develop measures aimed at protecting and conserving soils. In this study, a methodology to evaluate physical, chemical and biological soil degradation in a GIS-based approach was developed for the Valencian Community on a 1/200,000 scale. The information used in this study was obtained from two different sources: (i) a soil survey with more than 850 soil profiles sampled within the Valencian Community, and (ii) the environmental information implemented in the Geo-scientific map of the Valencian Community digitised on an Arc/Info GIS. Maps of physical, chemical and biological soil degradation in the Valencian Community on a 1/200,000 scale were obtained using the methodology devised. These maps can be used to make a cost-effective evaluation of soil degradation on a regional scale. Around 29% of the area corresponding to the Valencian Community is affected by high to very high physical soil degradation, 36% by high to very high biological degradation, and 6% by high to very high chemical degradation. It is, therefore, necessary to draw up legislation and to establish the policy framework for actions focused on preventing soil degradation and conserving its productive potential. |
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | 0301-4797 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ dePaz2006 | Serial | 47 | ||
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| Author | Darwish, T.; Atallah, T.; Francis, R.; Saab, C.; Jomaa, I.; Shaaban, A.; Sakka, H.; Zdruli, P. | ||||
| Title | Observations on soil and groundwater contamination with nitrate: A case study from Lebanon-East Mediterranean | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Agricultural Water Management | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 74-84 |
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| Abstract | The impact of agricultural practices on soil–groundwater quality in the sub-humid Bekaa plain of Lebanon-East Mediterranean was monitored in four fields (F) between July 2007 and July 2009. These were occupied by continuous mint (F1), summer potato/wheat/potato (F2), lettuce/lettuce/potato/wheat/summer potato (F3) and table grapes (F4). N input calculated on a two-year basis, was in the following ascending order F4, F2, F3 and F1. Soil samples, analyzed down to 200 cm depth, showed high nitrate and chloride concentrations at the end of the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Soil chloride and nitrate peaks recorded in October 2007 and 2008 disappeared below 200 cm overwinter. The calculated N biannual discharge ranged from 130 (F4), to 516 (F2), to 778 (F1), to 879 kg ha−1 (F3). Groundwater quality was studied in 21 wells distributed along a sequence stretching from the Litani River to the eastern water dividing line. Based on the nitrate concentrations, the well located at the top of the water dividing line was the only one suitable for drinking purposes. Eight wells were mildly contaminated, therefore suitable for irrigation purposes except for sensitive crops. Twelve wells, positioned in the plain, showed a nitrate level exceeding 200 mg L−1. Protecting the soil and groundwater quality is a top priority to maintain the ecological and agricultural functions of water. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0378-3774 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Darwish2011 | Serial | 48 | ||
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| Author | Greene, R.; Timms, W.; Rengasamy, P.; Arshad, M.; Cresswell, R. | ||||
| Title | Soil and Aquifer Salinization: Toward an Integrated Approach for Salinity Management of Groundwater | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Integrated Groundwater Management: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 377-412 | ||
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| Abstract | Degradation of the quality of groundwater due to salinization processes is one of the key issues limiting the global dependence on groundwater in aquifers. As the salinization of shallow aquifers is closely related to root-zone salinization, the two must be considered together. This chapter initially describes the physical and chemical processes causing salinization of the root-zone and shallow aquifers, highlighting the dynamics of these processes and how they can be influenced by irrigation and drainage practices, thus illustrating the connectivity between soil and groundwater salinization. The processes leading to aquifer salinization in both inland and coastal areas are discussed. The roles of extractive resource industries, such as mining and coal bed methane operations, in causing aquifer salinization are also outlined. Hydrogeochemical changes occurring during salinization of aquifers are examined with the aid of Piper and Mixing Diagrams. The chapter then illustrates the extent of the problem of groundwater salinization as influenced by management and policy using two case studies. The first is representative of a developing country and explores management of salt-affected soils in the Indus Valley, Pakistan, while the second looks at a developed country, and illustrates how through monitoring we can deduce causes of shallow aquifer salinity in the Namoi Catchment of NSW, Australia. Finally, there is a section on integration and conclusions where we illustrate how management to mitigate salinization needs to be integrated with policy to diminish the threat to productivity that occurs with groundwater degradation. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer International Publishing | Place of Publication | Cham | Editor | Jakeman, A.J.; Barreteau, O.; Hunt, R.J.; Rinaudo, J.-D.; Ross, A. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-319-23576-9 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Greene2016 | Serial | 49 | ||
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| Author | Ali, R.; Salama, R.; Pollock, D.; Bates, L. | ||||
| Title | Geochemical interactions between groundwater and soil, groundwater recycling and evaporation in the ORIA | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | CSIRO Land and Water | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Ali2002 | Serial | 50 | ||
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| Author | Schmittner, K.-E.; Giresse, P. | ||||
| Title | The impact of atmospheric sodium on erodibility of clay in a coastal Mediterranean region | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Environmental Geology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 195-206 |
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| Abstract | Heavy rainfalls, between 25 and 100 mm·h–1, were simulated on Pliocene/Quaternary sediments. To reproduce the heterogeneity of natural environments, 231 small plots of various sizes (between 2.5 and 3.5 m2; mean: about 3 m2) were used. The duration of all simulations was 1 h. We used water that had been collected during natural rainfall. The concentration of clay particles in the sheet wash depended upon the concentration of dissolved sodium in the wash (for about 42%) and of the sheet wash quantity (for about 37%). Under natural water conditions colloidal matter, like clay minerals, is charged negatively and therefore is destabilized by metal cations such as in the case of Na+. Results suggest that relatively higher concentrations of montmorrillonite were related to higher concentrations of sodium as opposed to illite and kaolinite. Microflakes of up to 25 μ were observed to vary between face-to-edge and face-to-face modes (competition between protons and other cations). The concentration of dissolved sodium (Na+) in the runoff water depends on water and sodium balances such as atmospheric input, infiltration, evaporation and surface water runoff. The reduction of vegetation cover increases the amount of salt and amorphous matter in/on the topsoil between heavy rainfall generations. The best predictor to explain montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite in % of mineral clay-sized matter in the surface water runoff (sheet wash) is the percentage of each clay mineral in the topsoil. As opposed to illite and kaolinite, more sheet wash indicate for montmorillonite relatively higher concentrations in the wash. The results of model simulations were confirmed on different field plots of about 1 ha and small catchments during natural heavy rainfall events. Models can also be used to understand and to better simulate sheet, rill and gully erosion, micropedimentation; and pedimentation. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1432-0495 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Schmittner1999 | Serial | 53 | ||
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