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Khaska, M.; Salle], C. [L.G.L.; Lancelot, J.; team, A.S.T.E.R.; Mohamad, A.; Verdoux, P.; Noret, A.; Simler, R. |
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Title |
Origin of groundwater salinity (current seawater vs. saline deep water) in a coastal karst aquifer based on Sr and Cl isotopes. Case study of the La Clape massif (southern France) |
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Year |
2013 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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37 |
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212-227 |
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In this study a typical coastal karst aquifer, developed in lower Cretaceous limestones, on the western Mediterranean seashore (La Clape massif, southern France) was investigated. A combination of geochemical and isotopic approaches was used to investigate the origin of salinity in the aquifer. Water samples were collected between 2009 and 2011. Three groundwater groups (A, B and C) were identified based on the hydrogeological setting and on the Cl− concentrations. Average and maximum Cl− concentrations in the recharge waters were calculated (ClRef. and ClRef.Max) to be 0.51 and 2.85mmol/L, respectively). Group A includes spring waters with Cl− concentrations that are within the same order of magnitude as the ClRef concentration. Group B includes groundwater with Cl− concentrations that range between the ClRef and ClRef.Max concentrations. Group C includes brackish groundwater with Cl− concentrations that are significantly greater than the ClRef.Max concentration. Overall, the chemistry of the La Clape groundwater evolves from dominantly Ca–HCO3 to NaCl type. On binary diagrams of the major ions vs. Cl, most of the La Clape waters plot along mixing lines. The mixing end-members include spring waters and a saline component (current seawater or fossil saline water). Based on the Br/Clmolar ratio, the hypothesis of halite dissolution from Triassic evaporites is rejected to explain the origin of salinity in the brackish groundwater. Groundwaters display 87Sr/86Sr ratios intermediate between those of the limestone aquifer matrix and current Mediterranean seawater. On a Sr mixing diagram, most of the La Clape waters plot on a mixing line. The end-members include the La Clape spring waters and saline waters, which are similar to the deep geothermal waters that were identified at the nearby Balaruc site. The 36Cl/Cl ratios of a few groundwater samples from group C are in agreement with the mixing hypothesis of local recharge water with deep saline water at secular equilibrium within a carbonate matrix. Finally, PHREEQC modelling was run based on calcite dissolution in an open system prior to mixing with the Balaruc type saline waters. Modelled data are consistent with the observed data that were obtained from the group C groundwater. Based on several tracers (i.e. concentrations and isotopic compositions of Cl and Sr), calculated ratios of deep saline water in the mixture are coherent and range from 3% to 16% and 0% to 3% for groundwater of groups C and B, respectively. With regard to the La Clape karst aquifer, the extension of a lithospheric fault in the study area may favour the rise of deep saline water. Such rises occur at the nearby geothermal Balaruc site along another lithospheric fault. At the regional scale, several coastal karst aquifers are located along the Gulf of Lion and occur in Mezosoic limestones of similar ages. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of these aquifers tend toward values of 0.708557, which suggests a general mixing process of shallow karst waters with deep saline fossil waters. The occurrence of these fossil saline waters may be related to the introduction of seawater during and after the Flandrian transgression, when the highly karstified massifs invaded by seawater, formed islands and peninsulas along the Mediterranean coast. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Khaska2013212 |
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84 |
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Karistineos, N.; Ioakim, C. |
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Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution of the serres basin (N. Greece) during the miocene |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
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70 |
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1-3 |
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275-285 |
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The palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution of the Serres basin from the end of mid-Miocene to the end of the Miocene is examined. Lignites were deposited over a thick sequence of conglomerates and sands. Fossils found in the lignites indicate a lacustrine environment with tropical-subtropical climatic conditions. The climate became progressively drier and only small lakes were reserved during the Messinian salinity crisis. Deposition of lake sediments finally ended with the world-wide Pliocene marine transgression. A correlation of the Serres basin with other lacustrine basins in the Aegean area is attempted. |
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Elsevier |
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0031-0182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Karistineos1989 |
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28 |
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Kafri, U.; Goldman, M.; Lyakhovsky, V.; Scholl, C.; Helwig, S.; Tezkan, B. |
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The configuration of the fresh–saline groundwater interface within the regional Judea Group carbonate aquifer in northern Israel between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea base levels as delineated by deep geoelectromagnetic soundings |
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2007 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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344 |
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1 |
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123-134 |
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A combined high resolution short offset transient electromagnetic (SHOTEM) and deep sounding, long offset (LOTEM) survey has been carried out along two traverses between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift (DSR). The DSR is located in the study area some 200–250m below sea level. The measurements detected a deep conductor, the top of which exhibited a regular behavior along the both traverses, declining from the Mediterranean to the DSR base level. The geometry of this geoelectric boundary coincides fairly well with the configuration of a supposed fresh/saline groundwater interface as also obtained by both numerical and physical modeling for the known hydrogeological conditions in the study area. Therefore the detected geoelectric boundary is identified with the interface, supporting the hypothesis of current seawater intrusion into the deep regional aquifers between the Mediterranean and the DSR base levels. The intrusion causes the salination of fresh groundwater within the aquifers as well as the salination of the Sea of Galilee. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kafri2007 |
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27 |
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Houben, G. |
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Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901) |
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2018 |
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Hydrogeology Journal |
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26 |
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6 |
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1789-1799 |
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seawater intrusion, Ghijben-Herzberg |
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The publication “The water supply of some North Sea spas” by Alexander Herzberg in 1901 is a cornerstone of coastal groundwater research. It was fundamental to the development of the Ghijben-Herzberg principle, which describes the hydrostatic equilibrium between fresh and saline groundwater. Due to its age and the language barrier, the paper is often cited but probably rarely read. Therefore, the original paper has been translated from German into English, accompanied by an introduction and notes explaining the historical context. |
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de |
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1435-0157 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Houben2018 |
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88 |
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Han, D.; Currell, M.J. |
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Delineating multiple salinization processes in a coastal plain aquifer, northern China: hydrochemical and isotopic evidence |
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2018 |
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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22 |
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6 |
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3473-3491 |
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Isotopes, China, multiple salinization |
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Groundwater is an important water resource for agricultural irrigation and urban and industrial utilization in the coastal regions of northern China. In the past 5 decades, coastal groundwater salinization in the Yang–Dai river plain has become increasingly serious under the influence of anthropogenic activities and climatic change. It is pivotal for the scientific management of coastal water resources to accurately understand groundwater salinization processes and their causative factors. Hydrochemical (major ion and trace element) and stable isotopic (δ18O and δ2H) analysis of different water bodies (surface water, groundwater, geothermal water and seawater) were conducted to improve understanding of groundwater salinization processes in the plain's Quaternary aquifer. Saltwater intrusion due to intensive groundwater pumping is a major process, either by vertical infiltration along riverbeds which convey saline surface water inland, and/or direct subsurface lateral inflow. Trends in salinity with depth indicate that the former may be more important than previously assumed. The proportion of seawater in groundwater is estimated to have reached up to 13 % in shallow groundwater of a local well field. End-member mixing calculations also indicate that the geothermal water with high total dissolved solids (up to 10.6 g L−1) with depleted stable isotope compositions and elevated strontium concentrations (> 10 mg L−1) also mixes locally with water in the overlying Quaternary aquifers. This is particularly evident in samples with elevated Sr ∕ Cl ratios (> 0.005 mass ratio). Deterioration of groundwater quality by salinization is also clearly exacerbated by anthropogenic pollution. Nitrate contamination via intrusion of heavily polluted marine water is evident locally (e.g., in the Zaoyuan well field); however, more widespread nitrate contamination due to other local sources such as fertilizers and/or domestic wastewater is evident on the basis of NO3 ∕ Cl ratios. This study provides an example of how multiple geochemical indicators can delineate different salinization processes and guide future water management practices in a densely populated water-stressed coastal region. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ hess-22-3473-2018 |
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81 |
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