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Cary, L., Petelet-Giraud, E., Bertrand, G., Kloppmann, W., Aquilina, L., Martins, V., et al. (2015). Origins and processes of groundwater salinization in the urban coastal aquifers of Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil): a multi-isotope approach. Science of the Total Environment, 530-531, 411–429.
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Bahir, M., Ouhamdouch, S., & Carreira, P. M. (2018). Geochemical and isotopic approach to decrypt the groundwater salinization origin of coastal aquifers from semi-arid areas (Essaouira basin, Western Morocco). Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(13), 485.
Abstract: In arid and semi-arid areas, the groundwater is the main source of water supply and agricultural activity. Overexploitation of coastal aquifers and pollution vulnerability are among the main problems related to groundwater resources assessment and management in these zones. In fact, in the last decades, these resources have been threatened by a degradation of their quality and quantity that furthers natural and anthropic effects, such as climate change, seawater intrusion and overexploitation. However, the protection and management of these resources requires knowledge of the origin of their mineralization. In this study, the Essaouira basin is selected as a typical example. Stable isotopes (18O and 2H) together with geochemical data were used to identify the groundwater salinization origin in the coastal aquifers of the Essaouira basin. The results of both the approaches show that the groundwater mineralization is due to: (1) the dissolution of salt minerals, (2) the ion exchange phenomena, (3) seawater intrusion, and (4) sulphate reduction. Also, the recharge is supported by fast infiltration of oceanic precipitation without significant evaporation.
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Gaye, C. B. (2001). Isotope techniques for monitoring groundwater salinization. Hydrogeology Journal, 9, 217–218.
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Araguás-Araguás, L. (2003). Identification of the mechanisms and origin of salinization of groundwater in coastal aquifers by isotope techniques. Tecnología de la intrusión de agua de mar en acuíferos costeros, Países Mediterráneos, , 365–371.
Abstract: When assessing the origin of salinity and the mechanisms of salinization in coastal aquifers, hydrogeologists may consider the combined use of certain geochemical tools to assess critical aspects of the hydrogeological setting of the system. These tools are based in the integrated use of chemical (major ions, trace elements and ionic ratios) and isotope parameters (oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur, carbon, strontium and boron). The problem of groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers, besides active seawater intrusion, may be affected by several human activities that accelerate the progressive deterioration of water quality, such as concentrated pumping, intensive agricultural practices including return flows or reuse of waste waters from urban or industrial origin. The characterisation of the perating processes and mechanisms of salinization is a requisite for a proper management of groundwater resources and for adopting remediation strategies. In this contribution the potential role of several isotopic tools in these studies is briefly described.
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Ghabayen, S., McKee, M., & Kemblowski, M. (2006). Ionic and Isotopic Ratios for Identification of Salinity Sources and Missing Data in the Gaza Aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 318, 360–373.
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