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Liu, Y.; Jin, M.; Wang, J. |
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Title |
Insights into groundwater salinization from hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence in an arid inland basin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Hydrological Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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32 |
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20 |
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3108-3127 |
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Keywords |
deuterium excess, groundwater salinization, Northwest China, Manas River basin, stable isotopes |
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Abstract In the Manas River basin (MRB), groundwater salinization has become a major concern, impeding groundwater use considerably. Isotopic and hydrogeochemical characteristics of 73 groundwater and 11 surface water samples from the basin were analysed to determine the salinization process and potential sources of salinity. Groundwater salinity ranged from 0.2 to 11.91 g/L, and high salinities were generally located in the discharge area, arable land irrigated by groundwater, and depression cone area. The quantitative contributions of the evaporation effect were calculated, and the various groundwater contributions of transpiration, mineral dissolution, and agricultural irrigation were identified using hydrogeochemical diagrams and δD and δ18O compositions of the groundwater and surface water samples. The average evaporation contribution ratios to salinity were 5.87% and 32.7% in groundwater and surface water, respectively. From the piedmont plain to the desert plain, the average groundwater loss by evaporation increased from 7% to 29%. However, the increases in salinity by evaporation were small according to the deuterium excess signals. Mineral dissolution, transpiration, and agricultural irrigation activities were the major causes of groundwater salinization. Isotopic information revealed that river leakage quickly infiltrated into aquifers in the piedmont area with weak evaporation effects. The recharge water interacted with the sediments and dissolved minerals and subsequently increased the salinity along the flow path. In the irrigation land, shallow groundwater salinity and Cl− concentrations increased but not δ18O, suggesting that both the leaching of soil salts due to irrigation and transpiration effect dominated in controlling the hydrogeochemistry. Depleted δ18O and high Cl− concentrations in the middle and deep groundwater revealed the combined effects of mixing with paleo-water and mineral dissolution with a long residence time. These results could contribute to the management of groundwater sources and future utilization programs in the MRB and similar areas. |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ doi:10.1002/hyp.13243 |
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178 |
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Edmunds, W.M. |
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Title |
Bromine geochemistry of british groundwaters |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Mineralogical Magazine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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60 |
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399 |
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275-284 |
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\textlessp\textgreater The concentrations of Br in potable groundwaters in the United Kingdom range from 60 to 340 µg 1 \textlesssup\textgreater-1\textless/sup\textgreater . The occurrence of Br is described in terms of the Br/Cl weight ratio which enables small changes in bromide concentrations to be assessed in terms of salinity. Median values of Br/Cl in groundwaters range from 2.60 to 5.15 × 10 \textlesssup\textgreater−3\textless/sup\textgreater compared with a sea water ratio of 3.47× 10 \textlesssup\textgreater−3\textless/sup\textgreater . In recent shallow groundwaters the Br/Cl ratio is rather variable in response to a range of natural and anthropogenic inputs (marine and industrial aerosols, industrial and agricultural chemicals including road salt). Some slight enrichment in Br/Cl also occurs naturally during infiltration as a result of biogeochemical processes. \textless/p\textgreater |
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0026-461x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Edmunds1996 |
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20 |
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El Yaouti, F.; El Mandour, A.; Khattach, D.; Benavente, J.; Kaufmann, O. |
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Salinization processes in the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg (NE Morocco): A geostatistical, geochemical, and tomographic study |
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2009 |
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Applied Geochemistry |
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24 |
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1 |
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16-31 |
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Hydrogeological and geochemical data, in conjunction with the results of an electrical imaging tomographic survey, were examined to determine the main factors and mechanisms controlling the groundwater chemistry and salinity of the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg, on the Mediterranean coast of NE Morocco. In addition, statistical and geochemical interpretation methods were used to identify the distribution of the salinity. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster and principal component factors) revealed the main sources of contamination. Groups A, B, and C in the cluster analysis and Factors 1–3 (Factor 1: CE, Cl−, K+, SO42-, and Mg2+; Factor 2: Ca2+, HCO3-, and pH; Factor 3: NO3-) represent the ‘signature’ of seawater intrusion in the coastal zone, the influence of marly-gypsum outcrops in the upstream zone, and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The ionic delta, the ionic ratio, the saturation index, and Stuyfzand’s method were applied to evaluate geochemical processes. The results obtained indicate, on the one hand, the phenomenon of salinization in both the coastal and the upstream zones, and on the other, the dilution of groundwater by recharge. Cation exchange is shown to modify the concentration of ions in groundwater. Locally, with respect to salinization processes in the coastal zone, the results of electrical imaging tomography show that salinity increases both with depth and laterally inland from the coastline, due to seawater intrusion. |
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0883-2927 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ ElYaouti2009 |
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21 |
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Faye, S.; Maloszewski, P.; Stichler, W.; Trimborn, P.; Faye, S. C.; Gaye, C. |
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Groundwater salinization in the Saloum (Senegal) delta aquifer: minor elements and isotopic indicators |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Science of The Total Environment |
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343 |
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1 |
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243-259 |
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Minor elements, Hydrochemistry, Sorption/desorption, Mixing model, Salinization |
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The hydrochemistry of minor elements bromide (Br), boron (B), strontium (Sr), environmental stable isotopes (18O and 2H) together with major-ion chemistry (chloride, sodium, calcium) has been used to constrain the source(s), relative age, and processes of salinization in the Continental Terminal (CT) aquifer in the Saloum (mid-west Senegal) region. Seventy-one groundwater wells which include 24 wells contaminated by saltwater and three sites along the hypersaline Saloum River were sampled to obtain additional information on the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater defined in previous studies. Use of Br against Cl confirms the Saloum River saline water intrusion up to a contribution of 7% into the aquifer. In addition to this recent intrusion, a relatively ancient intrusion of the Saloum River water which had reached at least as far as 20 km south from the source was evidenced. The high molar ratio values of Sr/Cl and Sr/Ca indicate an additional input of strontium presumably derived from carbonate precipitation/dissolution reactions and also via adsorption reactions. The variable B concentrations (7–650 μg/L) found in the groundwater samples were tested against the binary mixing model to evaluate the processes of salinization which are responsible for the investigated system. Sorption of B and depletion of Na occur as the Saloum river water intrudes the aquifer (salinization) in the northern part of the region, whereas B desorption and Na enrichment occur as the fresh groundwater flushing displaces the saline waters in the coastal strip (refreshening). In the central zone where ancient intrusion prevailed, the process of freshening of the saline groundwater is indicated by the changes in major-ion chemistry as well as B desorption and Na enrichment. In addition to these processes, stable isotopes reveal that mixing with recently infiltrating waters and evaporation contribute to the changes in isotopic signature. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Faye2005243 |
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173 |
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Gat, J.R. |
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The relationship between surface and subsurface waters: water quality aspects in areas of low precipitation / Rapport entre les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines: aspects des propriétés caractéristiques de l’eau dans les zones à précipitation faible |
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1980 |
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Hydrological Sciences Bulletin |
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25 |
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3 |
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257-267 |
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In the temperate and semiarid environment the salinity of both surface and subsurface(meteoric) waters is dominated by the weathering products of soil and aquifer minerals, since even surface waters have a history of subsurface flow. In the desert environment, in contrast, surface flows are more superficial and their chemistry dominated by the aeolian salinity. This has both a marine input and
a contribution from recycled salinity from surface accumulation of evaporitic minerals. Both these sources have chloride (and to a lesser extent sulphate) as the dominant anion. |
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0303-6936 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Gat1980 |
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22 |
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