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Kafri, U., Goldman, M., Lyakhovsky, V., Scholl, C., Helwig, S., & Tezkan, B. (2007). The configuration of the fresh–saline groundwater interface within the regional Judea Group carbonate aquifer in northern Israel between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea base levels as delineated by deep geoelectromagnetic soundings. Journal of Hydrology, 344(1), 123–134.
Abstract: A combined high resolution short offset transient electromagnetic (SHOTEM) and deep sounding, long offset (LOTEM) survey has been carried out along two traverses between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift (DSR). The DSR is located in the study area some 200–250m below sea level. The measurements detected a deep conductor, the top of which exhibited a regular behavior along the both traverses, declining from the Mediterranean to the DSR base level. The geometry of this geoelectric boundary coincides fairly well with the configuration of a supposed fresh/saline groundwater interface as also obtained by both numerical and physical modeling for the known hydrogeological conditions in the study area. Therefore the detected geoelectric boundary is identified with the interface, supporting the hypothesis of current seawater intrusion into the deep regional aquifers between the Mediterranean and the DSR base levels. The intrusion causes the salination of fresh groundwater within the aquifers as well as the salination of the Sea of Galilee.
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Jesús Carrera, J. J. H., Luit J. Slooten, Enric Vázquez-Suñé. (2010). Computational and conceptual issues in the calibration of seawater intrusion models. Hydrogeology Journal, 18. Retrieved July 1, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0524-1
Abstract: The inverse problem of seawater intrusion(SWI) is reviewed. It represents a challenge because of both conceptual and computational difficulties and because coastal aquifer models display many singularities:(1) head measurements need to be complemented with density information; (2) salinity concentration data are
very sensitive to flow within the borehole. Data problems can be reduced by incorporating the measurement process within model calibration; (3) SWI models are extremely sensitive to aquifer bottom topography; (4) the initial conditions may be far from steady state and depend on the location and type of sea-aquifer connection. Problems with aquifer geometry and initial conditions can be addressed by parameterization, which allows for modification during inversion. The four sets of difficulties can be partly overcome by using tidal response and electrical conductivity data, which are highly informative and
provide extensive coverage. Still, SWI inversion is extremely demanding from a computation point of view. Computational improvements are discussed.
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Carrera*, J., Hidalgo, J. J., Slooten, L. J., & Vázquez-Suñé, E. (2010). Computational and conceptual issues in the calibration of seawater intrusion models. Hydrogeol. J., 18, 131–145.
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Sahebjalal, E. (2012). Application of geostatistical analysis for evaluatingvariation in groundwater characteristics. World Appl. Sci. J., 18 (1), 135–141.
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Elrashidi, M. A., Adriano, D. C., Workman, S. M., & Lindsay, W. L. (1987). Chemical equilibria of selenium in soils: a theoretical development1. Soil Science, 144(2), 141–152.
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