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Kim, Y.; Lee, K.-S.; Koh, D.-C.; Lee, D.-H.; Lee, S.-G.; Park, W.-B.; Koh, G.-W.; Woo, N.-C. |
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Title |
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization in a coastal aquifer: a case study in Jeju volcanic island, Korea |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrology |
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270 |
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3 |
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282-294 |
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Keywords |
Jeju volcanic island, Coastal aquifer, Groundwater salinization, Hydrogeochemistry, Environmental isotopes, Mixing process |
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Abstract |
In order to identify the origin of saline groundwater in the eastern part of Jeju volcanic island, Korea, a hydrogeochemical and isotopic study has been carried out for 18 observation wells located in east and southeast coastal regions. The total dissolved solid contents of groundwaters are highly variable (77–21,782mg/l). Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and strontium isotopic data clearly show that the saline water results from mixing of groundwater with seawater. Strontium isotopic compositions and Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios strongly suggest that the source of salinity is modern seawater intrusion. Hydrogeochemical characteristics based on bivariate diagrams of major and minor ions show that changes in the chemical composition of groundwater are mainly controlled by the salinization process followed by cation-exchange reactions. The highly permeable aquifers at the east coastal region are characterized by low hydraulic gradient and discharge rate and high hydraulic conductivity as compared with other regions. These properties enhance the salinization of groundwater observed in the study area. Based on the Cl, Br, and δ18O data, seawater was determined to have intruded inland some 2.5km from the coastline. Considering the poor correlation of sampling depth and Cl concentrations observed, the position of seawater-freshwater interface is not uniformly distributed in the study area, due to heterogeneities of the basaltic aquifers. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Kim2003282 |
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172 |
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Han, D.M.; Song, X.F.; Currell, M.J.; Yang, J.L.; Xiao, G.Q. |
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Title |
Chemical and isotopic constraints on evolution of groundwater salinization in the coastal plain aquifer of Laizhou Bay, China |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Journal of Hydrology |
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508 |
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12-27 |
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Laizhou Bay, Coastal aquifers, Groundwater hydrochemistry, Stable isotopes, Saltwater intrusion |
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Summary A hydrochemical-isotopic investigation of the Laizhou Bay Quaternary aquifer in north China provides new insights into the hydrodynamic and geochemical relationships between freshwater, seawater and brine at different depths in coastal sediments. Saltwater intrusion mainly occurs due to two cones of depression caused by concentrated exploitation of fresh groundwater in the south, and brine water for salt production in the north. Groundwater is characterized by hydrochemical zonation of water types (ranging from Ca–HCO3 to Na–Cl) from south to north, controlled by migration and mixing of saline water bodies with the regional groundwater. The strong adherence of the majority of ion/Cl ratios to mixing lines between freshwater and saline water end-members (brine or seawater) indicates the importance of mixing under natural and/or anthropogenic influences. Examination of the groundwater stable isotope δ18O and δ2H values (between −9.5‰ and −3.0‰ and −75‰ and −40‰, respectively) and chloride contents (∼2 to 1000meq/L) of the groundwater indicate that the saline end-member is brine rather than seawater, and most groundwater samples plot on mixing trajectories between fresh groundwater (δ18O of between −6.0‰ and −9.0‰; Cl<5meq/L) and sampled brines (δ18O of approximately −3.0‰ and Cl>1000meq/L). Locally elevated Na/Cl ratios likely result from ion exchange in areas of long-term freshening. The brines, with radiocarbon activities of ∼30 to 60 pMC likely formed during the Holocene as a result of the sequence of transgression-regression and evaporation; while deep, fresh groundwater with depleted stable isotopic values (δ18O=−9.7‰ and δ2H=−71‰) and low radiocarbon activity (<20 pMC) was probably recharged during a cooler period in the late Pleistocene, as is common throughout northern China. An increase in the salinity and tritium concentration in some shallow groundwater sampled in the 1990s and re-sampled here indicates that intensive brine extraction has locally resulted in rapid mixing of young, fresh groundwater and saline brine. The δ18O and δ2H values of brines (∼−3.0‰ and −35‰) are much lower than that of modern seawater, which could be explained by 1) mixing of original (δ18O enriched) brine that was more saline than presently observed, with fresh groundwater recharged by precipitation and/or 2) dilution of the palaeo-seawater with continental runoff prior to and/or during brine formation. The first mechanism is supported by relatively high Br/Cl molar ratios (1.7×10−3–2.5×10−3) in brine water compared with ∼1.5×10−3 in seawater, which could indicate that the brines originally reached halite saturation and were subsequently diluted with fresher groundwater over the long-term. Decreasing 14C activities with increasing sampling depth and increasing proximity to the coastline indicate that the south coastal aquifer in Laizhou Bay is dominated by regional lateral flow, on millennial timescales. |
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0022-1694 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Han201412 |
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174 |
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Edmunds, W.M. |
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Title |
Bromine geochemistry of british groundwaters |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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Mineralogical Magazine |
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60 |
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399 |
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275-284 |
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\textlessp\textgreater The concentrations of Br in potable groundwaters in the United Kingdom range from 60 to 340 µg 1 \textlesssup\textgreater-1\textless/sup\textgreater . The occurrence of Br is described in terms of the Br/Cl weight ratio which enables small changes in bromide concentrations to be assessed in terms of salinity. Median values of Br/Cl in groundwaters range from 2.60 to 5.15 × 10 \textlesssup\textgreater−3\textless/sup\textgreater compared with a sea water ratio of 3.47× 10 \textlesssup\textgreater−3\textless/sup\textgreater . In recent shallow groundwaters the Br/Cl ratio is rather variable in response to a range of natural and anthropogenic inputs (marine and industrial aerosols, industrial and agricultural chemicals including road salt). Some slight enrichment in Br/Cl also occurs naturally during infiltration as a result of biogeochemical processes. \textless/p\textgreater |
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0026-461x |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Edmunds1996 |
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20 |
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Karistineos, N.; Ioakim, C. |
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Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution of the serres basin (N. Greece) during the miocene |
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1989 |
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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
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70 |
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1-3 |
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275-285 |
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The palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution of the Serres basin from the end of mid-Miocene to the end of the Miocene is examined. Lignites were deposited over a thick sequence of conglomerates and sands. Fossils found in the lignites indicate a lacustrine environment with tropical-subtropical climatic conditions. The climate became progressively drier and only small lakes were reserved during the Messinian salinity crisis. Deposition of lake sediments finally ended with the world-wide Pliocene marine transgression. A correlation of the Serres basin with other lacustrine basins in the Aegean area is attempted. |
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Elsevier |
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0031-0182 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Karistineos1989 |
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28 |
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Krige*, D.G. |
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A statistical approach to some basic mine valuation problems on the Witwatersrand |
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1951 |
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Jour. Chem. Metall. and Mining Soc. So. Africa |
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52 (6) |
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119-139 |
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0038-223x |
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CUT @ phaedon.kyriakidis @ Krige1951 |
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157 |
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