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Jalali*, M., Karami, S., & Marj, A. F. (2019). On the problem of the spatial distribution delineation of the groundwater quality indicators via multivariate statistical and geostatistical approaches. Environ. Monit. Assess., 191(S2), 323.
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Qi, H., Ma, C., He, Z., Hu, X., & Gao, L. (2019). Lithium and its isotopes as tracers of groundwater salinization: A study in the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, China. Sci Total Environ, 650(Pt 1), 878–890.
Abstract: In the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, due to intensive exploitation of groundwater since the early 1970s, the shallow aquifer has been severely influenced by saltwater intrusion, which causes the extraction to shift from shallow to deeper aquifer changing the hydrogeological condition greatly. This study was conducted to investigate the groundwater salinization using hydrochemistry and H, O and Li isotope data. Dissolved Li shows a linear correlation with Cl and Br in seawater, brine and saline groundwater indicating the marine Li source, whereas the enrichment of Li in surface water, brackish and fresh groundwater is impacted by dissolution of silicate minerals. The analyses of hydrochemistry and isotopes (H, O and Li) indicate that brine originated from seawater evaporation, followed by mixing processes and some water-rock interactions; shallow saline groundwater originated from brine diluted with seawater and fresh groundwater; deep saline groundwater originated from seawater intrusion. The negative correlation of δ(7)Li and Li/Na in surface water, brackish and fresh groundwater is contrary to the general conclusion, indicating the slow weathering of silicate minerals and hydraulic interaction between surface water and shallow groundwater in this area. The analyses of hydrochemistry and isotopes (Li, H and O) can well identify the salinity sources and isotope fractionation in groundwater flow and mixing, especially groundwater with high TDS. As both mixing with saltwater and isotope fractionation can explain the combination of high δ(7)Li and low TDS in brackish groundwater, isotope fractionation may limit their use in recognizing salinity sources of groundwater with low TDS.
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Karatas, B. S., Camoglu, G., & Olgen, M. K. (2013). Spatio-temporal trend analysis of the depth and salinity of the groundwater, using geostatistics integrated with GIS, of the Menemen Irrigation System, Western Turkey. Ekoloji, 22(86), 36–47.
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de Montety, V., Radakovitch, O., Vallet-Coulomb, C., Blavoux, B., Hermitte, D., & Valles, V. (2008). Origin of groundwater salinity and hydrogeochemical processes in a confined coastal aquifer: case of the Rhône delta (Southern France). Applied Geochemistry, 23(8), 2337–2349.
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Bahir, M., Ouhamdouch, S., & Carreira, P. M. (2018). Isotopic and geochemical methods for studying water–rock interaction and recharge mode: application to the Cenomanian–Turonian and Plio-Quaternary aquifers of Essaouira Basin, Morocco. Mar. Freshwater Res., 69(8), 1290–1300.
Abstract: Study of the Cenomanian–Turonian and Plio–Quaternary aquifers of Essaouira basin (Western Morocco), based on the interpretation of geochemical (major elements) and isotopic (18O, 2H, 13C and 14C) data, has aided the understanding of the hydrodynamics of these aquifers, which is greatly affected by tectonics. Hydrochemical characteristics based on the bivariate diagrams of major ions (Cl–, SO42–, NO3–, HCO3–, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+) and electrical conductivity and mineral saturation indices indicate that the origins of groundwater mineralisation are the result of: (1) evaporite dissolution; (2) cation exchange reactions; (3) and evaporation processes. Radiogenic isotopes (3H and 14C) have highlighted the presence of significant recent recharge in the eastern part of the basin, with groundwater moving according to the general flow path (south-east to north-west). Stable isotope data from the Essaouira basin plot along the Global Meteoric Water Line and below the Local Meteoric Water Line. This suggests that groundwater has been recharged under several different climate regimes.
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