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Nogueira, G.; Stigter, T.Y.; Zhou, Y.; Mussa, F.; Juizo, D. |
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Title |
Understanding groundwater salinization mechanisms to secure freshwater resources in the water-scarce city of Maputo, Mozambique |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
661 |
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Pages |
723-736 |
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In this study hydrochemical, isotopic and multivariate statistical tools are combined with a recharge analysis and existing geophysical data to improve understanding of major factors controlling freshwater occurrence and the origins of high salinities in the multi-layered coastal aquifer system of the Great Maputo area in Mozambique. Access to freshwater in this semi-arid area is limited by an inefficient public supply network, scarce surface waters, long droughts and an increasing population growth. Groundwater has a large potential to enhance water security, but its exploitation is threatened by both coastal and inland salinization mechanisms that are poorly understood. A GIS approach is utilized to classify potential recharge zones based on hydrogeological properties and land use/cover, whereas potential recharge rates are estimated through a root zone water balance method. In combination with water stable isotope data results reveal that extreme rainfall events provide the most relevant contributions to recharge, and interception and evaporation play an important role in the low recharge areas. Hierarchical clustering of hydrochemical and isotopic data allows the classification of six water groups, varying from fresh to brackish/salt waters. Corresponding scatter plots and PHREEQC modelling show evaporation and mixing with seawater (up to 5%) as major processes affecting salinity in the area. The co-occurrence of high alkalinity and Cl concentrations, in combination with piezometric and geo-electrical data, suggests that: 1) inland brackish/salt groundwater is caused by mixing with seawater trapped within clay layers; and 2) brackish/salt surface waters result from seepage of brackish groundwater into rivers and wetlands, followed by evaporation, hence increasing salinity and δ18O values. Mixing with small fractions of trapped seawater as main salinity source, rather than halite dissolution, is further corroborated by Br/Cl ratios of brackish/salt water samples near the ocean ratio. Cation exchange upon salinization is mainly observed in the semi-confined aquifer, while freshening takes place in the phreatic aquifer, particularly in areas presenting high recharge rates. |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Nogueira2019 |
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34 |
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Kurunc, A.; Ersahin, S.; Sonmez, N.K.; Kaman, H.; Uz, I.; Uz, B.Y.; Aslan, G.E. |
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Title |
Seasonal changes of spatial variation of some groundwater quality variables in a large irrigated coastal Mediterranean region of Turkey |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
554 |
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53-63 |
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Soil and groundwater degradations have taken considerable attention, recently. We studied spatial and temporal variations of groundwater table depth and contours, and groundwater pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and nitrate (NO3) content in a large irrigated area in Western Mediterranean region of Turkey. These variables were
monitored during 2009 and 2010 in previously constructed 220 monitoring wells. We analyzed the data by geostatistical techniques and GIS. Spatial variation of groundwater table depth (GTD) and groundwater table contours (GTC) remained similar across the four sampling campaigns. The values for groundwater NO3 content, EC, and pH values ranged from 0.01 to 454.1 g L−1 , 0.06 to 46.0 dS m−1 and 6.53–9.91, respectively. Greatest
geostatistical range (16,964 m) occurred for GTC and minimum (960 m) for groundwater EC. Groundwater NO3 concentrations varied both spatially and temporally. Temporal changes in spatial pattern of NO3 indicated that land use and farming practices influenced spatial and temporal variation of groundwater NO3. Several hot spots occurred for groundwater NO3 content and EC. These localities should be monitored more frequently and
land management practices should be adjusted to avoid soil and groundwater degradation. The results may have important implications for areas with similar soil, land use, and climate conditions across the Mediterranean region. |
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Elsevier |
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0048-9697 |
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THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Kurunc2016 |
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45 |
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Greene, R.; Timms, W.; Rengasamy, P.; Arshad, M.; Cresswell, R. |
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Title |
Soil and Aquifer Salinization: Toward an Integrated Approach for Salinity Management of Groundwater |
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Book Chapter |
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2016 |
Publication |
Integrated Groundwater Management: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges |
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377-412 |
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Degradation of the quality of groundwater due to salinization processes is one of the key issues limiting the global dependence on groundwater in aquifers. As the salinization of shallow aquifers is closely related to root-zone salinization, the two must be considered together. This chapter initially describes the physical and chemical processes causing salinization of the root-zone and shallow aquifers, highlighting the dynamics of these processes and how they can be influenced by irrigation and drainage practices, thus illustrating the connectivity between soil and groundwater salinization. The processes leading to aquifer salinization in both inland and coastal areas are discussed. The roles of extractive resource industries, such as mining and coal bed methane operations, in causing aquifer salinization are also outlined. Hydrogeochemical changes occurring during salinization of aquifers are examined with the aid of Piper and Mixing Diagrams. The chapter then illustrates the extent of the problem of groundwater salinization as influenced by management and policy using two case studies. The first is representative of a developing country and explores management of salt-affected soils in the Indus Valley, Pakistan, while the second looks at a developed country, and illustrates how through monitoring we can deduce causes of shallow aquifer salinity in the Namoi Catchment of NSW, Australia. Finally, there is a section on integration and conclusions where we illustrate how management to mitigate salinization needs to be integrated with policy to diminish the threat to productivity that occurs with groundwater degradation. |
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Springer International Publishing |
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Cham |
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Jakeman, A.J.; Barreteau, O.; Hunt, R.J.; Rinaudo, J.-D.; Ross, A. |
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978-3-319-23576-9 |
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THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Greene2016 |
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49 |
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Ali, R.; Salama, R.; Pollock, D.; Bates, L. |
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Geochemical interactions between groundwater and soil, groundwater recycling and evaporation in the ORIA |
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2002 |
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CSIRO Land and Water |
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THL @ luqianxue.zhang @ Ali2002 |
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50 |
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Author |
Jesús Carrera, Juan J. Hidalgo, Luit J. Slooten, Enric Vázquez-Suñé |
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Title |
Computational and conceptual issues in the calibration of seawater intrusion models |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Hydrogeology Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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18 |
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131-145 |
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Coastal aquifers; Inverse modelling; Numerical modeling |
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The inverse problem of seawater intrusion(SWI) is reviewed. It represents a challenge because of both conceptual and computational difficulties and because coastal aquifer models display many singularities:(1) head measurements need to be complemented with density information; (2) salinity concentration data are
very sensitive to flow within the borehole. Data problems can be reduced by incorporating the measurement process within model calibration; (3) SWI models are extremely sensitive to aquifer bottom topography; (4) the initial conditions may be far from steady state and depend on the location and type of sea-aquifer connection. Problems with aquifer geometry and initial conditions can be addressed by parameterization, which allows for modification during inversion. The four sets of difficulties can be partly overcome by using tidal response and electrical conductivity data, which are highly informative and
provide extensive coverage. Still, SWI inversion is extremely demanding from a computation point of view. Computational improvements are discussed. |
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J. Carrera : J. J. Hidalgo ()) : L. J. Slooten : E. Vázquez-Suñé, Spain e-mail: juan.hidalgo@upc.edu |
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Institute of Environmental Ass Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, e-mail: juan.hidalgo@upc.edu |
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IAH |
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Springer |
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English |
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1431- 2174 (online: 1435-0157) |
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'Hydrogeology'; 'groundwater modelling' |
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yes |
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MGRE @ redha.menani @ |
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51 |
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