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Author |
Liu, F.; Wang, S.; Wang, L.; Shi, L.; Song, X.; Yeh, T.-C.J.; Zhen, P. |
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Title |
Coupling hydrochemistry and stable isotopes to identify the major factors affecting groundwater geochemical evolution in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, North China |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Geochemical Exploration |
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Volume |
205 |
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Understanding the interference of natural processes and anthropogenic activities in geochemical evolution of groundwater is vital for groundwater sustainable management in water-stressed regions. This study is devoted to the identification of the main factors controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry by the combined use of hydrogeochemical indicators along with isotope tracers in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, North China. Thirty-nine groundwater samples and twelve surface water samples were collected, and major ions and stable isotopes were measured during the two campaigns (December 2017 and August 2018). The isotope approach indicates that the groundwater is recharged by precipitation infiltration after evaporation, and interacts with surface water along preferential flow paths in fault zones and karst conduits. Currently, the main chemical facies of groundwater evolve from Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 types with low TDS, through Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-HCO3-SO4 types with moderate TDS, to Ca-SO4, Ca-SO4-Cl and CaCl types with high TDS. Apart from natural processes (involving dissolution/precipitation of minerals, cation exchange, and evaporation) regulating the groundwater quality, the stagnant zones also play a crucial role in the formation of severe localized nitrate contamination. The deterioration in groundwater quality can be attributed to anthropogenic factors (including the change in groundwater exploitation, the leaching of solid waste, and the overuse of agricultural fertilizers). The high loads of agricultural fertilizers in irrigation return flows are likely to be the main contributor of the dissolved nitrate in groundwater. The findings of this work not only have important implications for groundwater sustainable utilization, but also could serve as a template for other rapidly industrialized and water-stressed regions. |
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0375-6742 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ Liu2019 |
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29 |
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Author |
Jesús Carrera, Juan J. Hidalgo, Luit J. Slooten, Enric Vázquez-Suñé |
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Title |
Computational and conceptual issues in the calibration of seawater intrusion models |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Hydrogeology Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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18 |
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131-145 |
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Keywords |
Coastal aquifers; Inverse modelling; Numerical modeling |
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The inverse problem of seawater intrusion(SWI) is reviewed. It represents a challenge because of both conceptual and computational difficulties and because coastal aquifer models display many singularities:(1) head measurements need to be complemented with density information; (2) salinity concentration data are
very sensitive to flow within the borehole. Data problems can be reduced by incorporating the measurement process within model calibration; (3) SWI models are extremely sensitive to aquifer bottom topography; (4) the initial conditions may be far from steady state and depend on the location and type of sea-aquifer connection. Problems with aquifer geometry and initial conditions can be addressed by parameterization, which allows for modification during inversion. The four sets of difficulties can be partly overcome by using tidal response and electrical conductivity data, which are highly informative and
provide extensive coverage. Still, SWI inversion is extremely demanding from a computation point of view. Computational improvements are discussed. |
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J. Carrera : J. J. Hidalgo ()) : L. J. Slooten : E. Vázquez-Suñé, Spain e-mail: juan.hidalgo@upc.edu |
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Corporate Author |
Institute of Environmental Ass Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, e-mail: juan.hidalgo@upc.edu |
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IAH |
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Springer |
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English |
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1431- 2174 (online: 1435-0157) |
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'Hydrogeology'; 'groundwater modelling' |
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yes |
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MGRE @ redha.menani @ |
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51 |
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Author |
Siarkos, I.; Latinopoulos, P. |
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Modeling seawater intrusion in overexploited aquifers in the absence of sufficient data: application to the aquifer of Nea Moudania, northern Greece |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Hydrogeology Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hydrogeology J. |
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24 |
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2123–2141 |
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Groundwater flow, Seawater intrusion, Numerical modeling, Greece, Sensitivity analysis |
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In many coastal areas, overexploitation of groundwater resources has led both to the quantitative degradation of local aquifers and the deterioration of groundwater quality due to seawater intrusion. To investigate the behavior of coastal aquifers under these conditions, numerical modeling is usually implemented; however, the proper implementation of numerical models requires a large amount of data, which are often not available due to the time-consuming and costly process of obtaining them. In the present study, the investigation of the behavior of coastal aquifers under the lack of adequate data is
attempted by developing a methodological framework consisting of a series of numerical simulations: a steady-state, a false-transient and a transient simulation. The sequence and the connection between these simulations constitute the backbone of the whole procedure aimed at adjusting the various
model parameters, as well as obtaining the initial conditions for the transient simulation. The validity of the proposed methodology is tested through evaluation of the model calibration procedure and the estimation of the simulation errors (mean error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean relative error) using the case of Nea Moudania basin, northern Greece. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to minimize the error estimates and thus to maximize the reliability of the models. The results of the whole procedure affirm the proper implementation of the developed methodology under specific conditions and assumptions due to the lack of sufficient data, while they give a clear picture of the aquifer’s quantitative and qualitative status. |
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Ilias Siarkos: isiarkos@civil.auth.gr; Pericles Latinopoulos latin@civil.auth.gr |
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School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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IAH |
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Springer |
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English |
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1431-2174 |
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Hydrogeology; groundwater modelling, sea water intrusion |
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yes |
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MGRE @ redha.menani @ |
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52 |
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Author |
Qi, H.; Ma, C.; He, Z.; Hu, X.; Gao, L. |
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Lithium and its isotopes as tracers of groundwater salinization: A study in the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, China |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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The Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Total Environ |
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650 |
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Pt 1 |
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878-890 |
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Brine and seawater intrusion; Groundwater salinization; Hydrochemistry; Lithium isotope; Southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay |
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In the southern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay, due to intensive exploitation of groundwater since the early 1970s, the shallow aquifer has been severely influenced by saltwater intrusion, which causes the extraction to shift from shallow to deeper aquifer changing the hydrogeological condition greatly. This study was conducted to investigate the groundwater salinization using hydrochemistry and H, O and Li isotope data. Dissolved Li shows a linear correlation with Cl and Br in seawater, brine and saline groundwater indicating the marine Li source, whereas the enrichment of Li in surface water, brackish and fresh groundwater is impacted by dissolution of silicate minerals. The analyses of hydrochemistry and isotopes (H, O and Li) indicate that brine originated from seawater evaporation, followed by mixing processes and some water-rock interactions; shallow saline groundwater originated from brine diluted with seawater and fresh groundwater; deep saline groundwater originated from seawater intrusion. The negative correlation of δ(7)Li and Li/Na in surface water, brackish and fresh groundwater is contrary to the general conclusion, indicating the slow weathering of silicate minerals and hydraulic interaction between surface water and shallow groundwater in this area. The analyses of hydrochemistry and isotopes (Li, H and O) can well identify the salinity sources and isotope fractionation in groundwater flow and mixing, especially groundwater with high TDS. As both mixing with saltwater and isotope fractionation can explain the combination of high δ(7)Li and low TDS in brackish groundwater, isotope fractionation may limit their use in recognizing salinity sources of groundwater with low TDS. |
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School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China |
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0048-9697 |
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PMID:30308862 |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ |
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184 |
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Author |
Mongelli, G.; Monni, S.; Oggiano, G.; Paternoster, M.; Sinisi, R. |
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Tracing groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers: a hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach in the Na-Cl brackish waters of northwestern Sardinia, Italy |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
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17 |
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7 |
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2917-2928 |
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salinization, isotopes, Sardinia |
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Throughout the Mediterranean, salinization threatens water quality, especially in coastal areas. This salinization is the result of concomitant processes related to both seawater intrusion and water–rock interaction, which in some cases are virtually indistinguishable. In the Nurra region of northwestern Sardinia, recent salinization related to marine water intrusion has been caused by aquifer exploitation. However, the geology of this region records a long history from the Palaeozoic to the Quaternary, and is structurally complex and comprises a wide variety of lithologies, including Triassic evaporites. Determining the origin of the saline component of the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers in the Nurra region may provide a useful and more general model for salinization processes in the Mediterranean area, where the occurrence of evaporitic rocks in coastal aquifers is a common feature. In addition, due to intensive human activity and recent climatic change, the Nurra has become vulnerable to desertification and, in common with other Mediterranean islands, surface water resources periodically suffer from severe shortages. With this in mind, we report new data regarding brackish and surface waters (outcrop and lake samples) of the Na-Cl type from the Nurra region, including major ions and selected trace elements (B, Br, I, and Sr), in addition to isotopic data including δ18O, δD in water, and δ34S and δ18O in dissolved SO4. To identify the origin of the salinity more precisely, we also analysed the mineralogical and isotopic composition of Triassic evaporites. The brackish waters have Cl contents of up to 2025 mg L−1 , and the ratios between dissolved ions and Cl, with the exception of the Br / Cl ratio, are not those expected on the basis of simple mixing between rainwater and seawater. The δ18O and δD data indicate that most of the waters fall between the regional meteoric water line and the global meteoric water line, supporting the conclusion that they are meteoric in origin. A significant consequence of the meteoric origin of the Na-Cl-type water studied here is that the Br / Cl ratio, extensively used to assess the origin of salinity in fresh water, should be used with care in carbonate aquifers that are near the coast. Overall, δ34S and δ18O levels in dissolved SO4 suggest that water–rock interaction is responsible for the Na-Cl brackish composition of the water hosted by the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers of the Nurra, and this is consistent with the geology and lithological features of the study area. Evaporite dissolution may also explain the high Cl content, as halite was detected within the gypsum deposits. Finally, these Na-Cl brackish waters are undersaturated with respect to the more soluble salts, implying that in a climate evolving toward semi-arid conditions, the salinization process could intensify dramatically in the near future. |
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Copernicus |
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en |
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THL @ christoph.kuells @ hess-17-2917-2013 |
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79 |
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