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Jalali*, M., Karami, S., & Marj, A. F. (2019). On the problem of the spatial distribution delineation of the groundwater quality indicators via multivariate statistical and geostatistical approaches. Environ. Monit. Assess., 191(S2), 323.
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Elumalai*, V., Brindha, K., Sithole, B., & Lakshmanan, E. (2017). Spatial interpolation methods and geostatistics for mapping groundwater contamination in a coastal area. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24(3), 11601–11617.
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Nisi, B., Raco B., & Dotsika, E. (2014). Groundwater Contamination Studies by Environmental Isotopes: A review. In E. Jimenez (Ed.), Environment, Energy and Climate Change I: Environmental Chemistry of Pollutants and Wastes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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Kharroubi, A., Tlahigue, F., Agoubi, B., Azri, C., & Bouri, S. (2012). Hydrochemical and statistical studies of the groundwater salinization in Mediterranean arid zones: case of the Jerba coastal aquifer in southeast Tunisia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 67(7), 2089–2100.
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Bahir, M., Ouhamdouch, S., & Carreira, P. M. (2018). Geochemical and isotopic approach to decrypt the groundwater salinization origin of coastal aquifers from semi-arid areas (Essaouira basin, Western Morocco). Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(13), 485.
Abstract: In arid and semi-arid areas, the groundwater is the main source of water supply and agricultural activity. Overexploitation of coastal aquifers and pollution vulnerability are among the main problems related to groundwater resources assessment and management in these zones. In fact, in the last decades, these resources have been threatened by a degradation of their quality and quantity that furthers natural and anthropic effects, such as climate change, seawater intrusion and overexploitation. However, the protection and management of these resources requires knowledge of the origin of their mineralization. In this study, the Essaouira basin is selected as a typical example. Stable isotopes (18O and 2H) together with geochemical data were used to identify the groundwater salinization origin in the coastal aquifers of the Essaouira basin. The results of both the approaches show that the groundwater mineralization is due to: (1) the dissolution of salt minerals, (2) the ion exchange phenomena, (3) seawater intrusion, and (4) sulphate reduction. Also, the recharge is supported by fast infiltration of oceanic precipitation without significant evaporation.
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