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Kisi, O., Heddam, S., Parmar, K. S., Yaseen, Z. M., & Kulls, C. (2024). Improved monthly streamflow prediction using integrated multivariate adaptive regression spline with K-means clustering: implementation of reanalyzed remote sensing data. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 38(6), 2489–2519.
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Elrashidi, M. A., Adriano, D. C., Workman, S. M., & Lindsay, W. L. (1987). Chemical equilibria of selenium in soils: a theoretical development1. Soil Science, 144(2), 141–152.
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Joseph, J., Külls, C., Arend, M., Schaub, M., Hagedorn, F., Gessler, A., et al. (2019). Application of a laser-based spectrometer for continuous in situ measurements of stable isotopes of soil CO 2 in calcareous and acidic soils. Soil, 5(1), 49–62.
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Cary, L., Petelet-Giraud, E., Bertrand, G., Kloppmann, W., Aquilina, L., Martins, V., et al. (2015). Origins and processes of groundwater salinization in the urban coastal aquifers of Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil): a multi-isotope approach. Science of the Total Environment, 530-531, 411–429.
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Faye, S., Maloszewski, P., Stichler, W., Trimborn, P., Faye, S. C., & Gaye, C. (2005). Groundwater salinization in the Saloum (Senegal) delta aquifer: minor elements and isotopic indicators. Science of The Total Environment, 343(1), 243–259.
Abstract: The hydrochemistry of minor elements bromide (Br), boron (B), strontium (Sr), environmental stable isotopes (18O and 2H) together with major-ion chemistry (chloride, sodium, calcium) has been used to constrain the source(s), relative age, and processes of salinization in the Continental Terminal (CT) aquifer in the Saloum (mid-west Senegal) region. Seventy-one groundwater wells which include 24 wells contaminated by saltwater and three sites along the hypersaline Saloum River were sampled to obtain additional information on the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater defined in previous studies. Use of Br against Cl confirms the Saloum River saline water intrusion up to a contribution of 7% into the aquifer. In addition to this recent intrusion, a relatively ancient intrusion of the Saloum River water which had reached at least as far as 20 km south from the source was evidenced. The high molar ratio values of Sr/Cl and Sr/Ca indicate an additional input of strontium presumably derived from carbonate precipitation/dissolution reactions and also via adsorption reactions. The variable B concentrations (7–650 μg/L) found in the groundwater samples were tested against the binary mixing model to evaluate the processes of salinization which are responsible for the investigated system. Sorption of B and depletion of Na occur as the Saloum river water intrudes the aquifer (salinization) in the northern part of the region, whereas B desorption and Na enrichment occur as the fresh groundwater flushing displaces the saline waters in the coastal strip (refreshening). In the central zone where ancient intrusion prevailed, the process of freshening of the saline groundwater is indicated by the changes in major-ion chemistry as well as B desorption and Na enrichment. In addition to these processes, stable isotopes reveal that mixing with recently infiltrating waters and evaporation contribute to the changes in isotopic signature.
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