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Castrignanò, A., Buttafuoco, G., & Giasi, C. (2008). Assessment of groundwater salinisation risk using multivariate geostatistics. In S. A., P. M.J., & D. R. (Eds.), geoENV VI – Geostatistics for Environmental Applications (Vol. 15, pp. 191–202). Springer, Dordrecht.
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Mehrjardi, R. T., Jahromi, M. Z., Mahmodi, S., & Heidari, A. (2008). Spatial distribution of groundwater quality with geostatistics (Case Study: Yazd-Ardakan Plain). World Appl. Sci. J., 4(1), 9–17.
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Marengo*, E., Gennaro, M. C., Robotti, E., Maiocchi, A., Pavese, G., Indaco, A., et al. (2008). Statistical analysis of ground water distribution in Alessandria Province (Piedmont—Italy). Microchem. J., 88, 167–177.
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El Yaouti, F., El Mandour, A., Khattach, D., Benavente, J., & Kaufmann, O. (2009). Salinization processes in the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg (NE Morocco): A geostatistical, geochemical, and tomographic study. Applied Geochemistry, 24(1), 16–31.
Abstract: Hydrogeological and geochemical data, in conjunction with the results of an electrical imaging tomographic survey, were examined to determine the main factors and mechanisms controlling the groundwater chemistry and salinity of the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg, on the Mediterranean coast of NE Morocco. In addition, statistical and geochemical interpretation methods were used to identify the distribution of the salinity. Multivariate statistical analysis (cluster and principal component factors) revealed the main sources of contamination. Groups A, B, and C in the cluster analysis and Factors 1–3 (Factor 1: CE, Cl−, K+, SO42-, and Mg2+; Factor 2: Ca2+, HCO3-, and pH; Factor 3: NO3-) represent the ‘signature’ of seawater intrusion in the coastal zone, the influence of marly-gypsum outcrops in the upstream zone, and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The ionic delta, the ionic ratio, the saturation index, and Stuyfzand’s method were applied to evaluate geochemical processes. The results obtained indicate, on the one hand, the phenomenon of salinization in both the coastal and the upstream zones, and on the other, the dilution of groundwater by recharge. Cation exchange is shown to modify the concentration of ions in groundwater. Locally, with respect to salinization processes in the coastal zone, the results of electrical imaging tomography show that salinity increases both with depth and laterally inland from the coastline, due to seawater intrusion.
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Panagopoulos, G. (2009). Application of major and trace elements as well as boron isotopes for tracing hydrochemical processes: the case of Trifilia coastal karst aquifer, Greece. Environmental Geology, 58(5), 1067–1082.
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