PT Journal
AU Stigter, TY
   van Ooijen, SPJ
   Post, VEA
   Appelo, CAJ
   Carvalho Dill, AMM
TI A hydrogeological and hydrochemical explanation of the groundwater composition under irrigated land in a Mediterranean environment, Algarve, Portugal
SO Journal of Hydrology
PY 1998
BP 262
EP 279
VL 208
IS 3
DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00168-1
AB In the Campina de Faro, in the south of Portugal, agricultural practices have a large impact on groundwater composition. These practices involve pumping of water for irrigation from combinations of large diameter, shallow wells (noras) and small diameter, deep boreholes (furos). Excess irrigation water returns to the aquifer and mixes with water from the regional groundwater flow system. This irrigation return flow is concentrated by strong evapotranspiration and by flushing of fertilisers. The concentration increase induces cation exchange, whereby Ca on the soil exchanger is replaced by Na. The mixing in the aquifer allows application of a mixing cell model which may then be used to calculate transmissivities from the Cl mass balance. The calculations are complicated by the time-variant behaviour of Cl and the method is adjusted to calculate the change of chloride in time. Results from the calculations appear to be in good agreement with hydrochemical observations.
ER